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 * Michelle Warr **

Journal Entries:


 * Wednesday, September 9th: Which part of history is most interesting to you? It can be a part of world or US history. Why do you find it interesting? **
 * The part of history that I like the most are the stories from ancient times. For example, the stories from the Aztecs, Incas, the Greek and Roman Gods and mythology, and the ancient Asian stories. Why do I like them? I'm not sure why but they are really interesting to me. They're fun to listen to. Something just draws me to them. Other than that I'm not sure.^_^ **
 * Friday, September 11th: **
 * 1. Choose one of the explorers and create a draft of what would be written on his historical marker. (Be sure to include a title and where your marker would be located). Write your findings, with both of your names, in your individual journals. **


 * Grave of First Captain to Curcumnavigate the Globe **


 * Ferdinand Magellan's crew were the first people to curcumnavigate the globe. They sailed from Spain and reached the southern tip of South America in 1520. From there he continued around until he comw across Asia. There he was killed in the Philippines though his crew survived. Magellan's crew continued on their way home to Spain and they were known as the first people to curcumnavigate the globe. Even though Magellan didn't make it back to Spain, he is still known as the first man to curcumnavigate the globe. **

[|Columbus Reading.doc]
 * 2. Click on the following link. Read the passage and answer the following questions. Should Columbus get all of the credit? Should we celebrate him? Why or why not? **
 * Columbus should not get all the credit for discovering the Americas seeing as one, it was an accident. Columbus thought he was in Asia when he arrived in the Americas;he had not yet realized he discovered a new land and peoples they had never known of. Two, people were already living in the Americas. The Inuits, Eskimos, Native Americans and other northern and southern American societies lived n the Americas long enough to make great advances in agriculture, mathematics, architecture and other firelds, even though they were not as advanced as the Europeans. Three, other people discovered it long before he did. It is believed that the first Ameicans came from Asia following herds of animals for food across the land bridge Beringia. The migration of people across Beringia did not stop until rising seawater covered the bridge and became the Bering Strait. Even if that may not be true it is still said that Leif Erikson, a viking, was the first man to set up a colony in the Americas. He established his colony in ewfoudland in 1000 AD, 500 years before Columbus. Then there's Bjarni Herjulfson. He came before Leif Erikson but he didn't get out of his boat to set foot on the land so he didn't get any credit. As I'm told Herjulfson was the man who told Erikson about the Americas in the first place, so Columbus should not get the credt for wrongly being given the glory of first discovering the Americas. Columbus should not be celebrated because he did not discover the Americas. Also, he terribly mistreated the previous inhabitants that were already here. **

1. Read the following passage about George Washington and answer the questions below. [|The Young George Washington and His Papers.doc]
 * Wednesday, September 23rd: (in class) **

a. Where did Washington spend his childhood? b. Who were the Fairfax's? c. What was Washington's occupation(s) before starting his military career? d. How did Washington get involved in the military? e. What was Washington's role in the French & Indian War? What decisions did he make? f. What kind of person was George Washington? Be descriptive.
 * George Washington spent his childhood in Ferry Farm in the town of Fredricksburg. **
 * The Fairfaxes were the people who went with George and Lawrence Fairfax exploring into the west. The Fairfaxes also became George's guide and patron when his Lawrence died. **
 * George Washington worked as a professional surveyor before he began his military career. **
 * After Lawrence Fairfax died, his father-in-law, William Fairfax started George Washington in his military career and Fairfax remained his patron until he died. **
 * His role in the French & Indian War was to take Governor Dinwiddie's message to the French on the Ohio and demnad that they withdrawal. He also had to command 52 Virginians that had to build a fort at the Forks of Ohio. On a May night in Pennsylvania Wood Washington and his men open fired on the French troops and killed their commander as well as 9 other people. Two months later George Washington surrenders and returns back to Washington. **
 * George Washington was the type of man that people respected because of his personality. He was an inspirational and motivational character. He pushed people to be better and no one stood against him. His good heart motivated others to follow him. He had excellent people skills and cared about the people he was leading and the cause they were fighting for. **

2. Go to the following website and answer the questions about the French & Indian War [|French & Indian War Interactive Map]

a. In which colonies did the French & Indian War take place? b. Where did the war begin and what happened there? c. What is unique about Washington's actions at Fort Necessity?
 * The French and Indian War took place in Pennsylvania, Pittsburg, and New York. **
 * The first armed conflict took place in present day Pittsburg in 1754.English settlers wanted to colonize the area northwest of Virginia so they built a small fort at the fork Ohio River named Fort Prince George. Soon after, French soldiers arrived and destroyed the fort and built their own, named Fort Duquesne, on top of the ruins. Major George Washington was sent to discuss boundaries and try to persuade the French to leave. Later, Washington returned to the Fort accompanied by a troop of Virginian soldiers to try to take the fort by force. He encountered a scounting party on the way and attacked them,near a place now known as Jumonville Glen, but one got away. He ordered construction of Fort Necessity, which was taken by the French after the Battle of Great Meadows and burned to the ground. The British tried to take Fort Duquesne again in 1755, but were defeated by the French at the Battle of Monogahela. **
 * In September 1758 when the Pennsylvania and Virginia militia, under the command of James Grant, were destroyed by French forces after storming the fort. The heads of dead British militia were impaled on stakes that encircled the fort as a warning against future British invasion. On November 26, 1758, the French burned Fort Duquesne to the ground before retreating from the larger British force that consisted of 6,000 soldiers. The British soon took over the remains, rebuilt the fort and named it Fort Pitt, after Prime Minister William Pitt. **
 * Washington **** ’s actions were unique because he surrendered to the French. **

d. What happened at the Battle of Quebec and why is it so important?
 * The Battle of Quebec, also known as the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, was fought on September 13, 1759 between the British under the command of Charles Saunders and the French under Louis-Joseph de Montcalm. The British fleet sailed and docked their boats in a small cove and climbed steep cliffs so that they could gain control of the area known as the Plains of Abraham, which resided two miles west of Quebec City. At the same time there were 13,000 French soldiers positioned in Quebec City. On September 13, James Wolfe and 4,400 British soldiers formed into battle formations on the Plains of Abraham and were later met by Montcalm and 4,000 French soldiers. Battle began instantaneously. The British gained an advantage over the French and caused them many casualties. During the battle, both General James Wolf and General Montcalm were fatally wounded. Upon Montcalm’s defeat, the French army retreated back to Quebec City and the French naval forces that were stationed on the St. Lawrence River retreated as well. On September 18, Quebec City was surrendered after another British assault. The loss of Quebec City successfully named the British the winners of the French and Indian War. **

e. Where was the last battle of the war?
 * The last battle of the French and Indian War was the Siege of Montreal. **

f. What did England get at the end of the war (use website as well as notes)?
 * At the end of the war France gave up nearly all of its territory in North America leaving it as free game for England. Also, England became the dominant power in India because the French promised not to build any military bases there. **

3. How did the French and Indian War push the American colonists closer to the American Revolution? 4. Go to the following website to answer questions about the slave trade. [|http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/slavetra.html]
 * At the end of the French and Indian War, the British crown was in debt and to try and recover they passed a series of taxes on the colonists such as the stamp act. The taxes made the colonists angry and they starting yelling things like,” No taxation without representation!” After a while, the anger progressed into a revolution, thus the birth of the American Revolution came to be. **

a. How did the slave trade begin? b. How did slavery become "black?" c. Explain the Christian/Muslim aspect of the trade. d. Who was the first country to abolish the slave trade? e. Did more slaves from Africa get shipped to the Americas or to the Middle East? f. Is slavery still a problem in the world? How many people are enslaved and where are they? [|http://www.iabolish.org/slavery_today/primer/map.html]
 * The slave trade originally began between Muslim traders and African kingdoms. When Muslim traders brought things to the kingdoms that the kings liked, the kings would quickly trade away their own people for the objects. **
 * Slavery became “black” because all European countries had already outlawed slavery in the middle ages, but the African Kingdoms had not and continued to trade their people as slaves. As a result, only Africans became slaves and that’s how African-American slavery came to be. **
 * Muslims and Christians were the main traders in the slave trade. Muslims traded with the Africans even after the European Christian countries outlawed slavery. On the other hand, Christians took over in black Africa at one point. Also, Christians were selling Muslim slaves that were captured in war as Muslims were selling Christians, but they never sold their own kin. **
 * Although Britain was the first country to outlaw slavery, France was the first country to abolish slavery. **
 * About 5-7 million more slave were shipped to the Middle East than to the Americas. **
 * Yes, slavery is still a problem in the world today. It is estimated that slavery occurs on every continent except Antarctica. About 600,000 to 800,000 people are trafficked internationally every year and 14,500 to 17,000 of those are trafficked to the United States every year. About 80% of those trafficked peoples are women and children. **


 * __Journal Entries: Unit 2 __**

1. __Move Over Paul Revere__ : Everyone's heard of Paul Revere. His midnight ride on the 18th of April in 1775 to warn of British troops marching toward Lexington and Concord has become part of American folklore. But another epic ride, which began the following day, has been largely forgotten. Hours after hearing that British troops had opened fire on colonial farmers in what became known as the battle of Lexington, the Massachusetts Provincial Congress issued a call to arms, asking neighboring colonies for help. Israel Bissell, a 23 year old dispatch rider, was sent south to spread the news of Revolution. He said, "to arms, to arms, the war has begun!" Under his spurs, his horse seemed to take wing. Local legend has it that he made Worchester, a day's ride, in just two hours and that his horse dropped dead when he got there. With a new horse, Bissell was off again. Through Connecticut he raced, then to New York, and on to Philadelphia. Astonishingly, he rode 350 miles in just six days, a record time.
 * October 6/7: **

Paul Revere, by contrast, only rode 20 miles. But Revere's effort to "spread the alarm to every Middlesex village and farm" were immortalized by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Nobody wrote a poem about Israel Bissell, so he wound up one of history's has-beens.

Read the poem about Paul Revere and answer the questions. [|Paul Revere's Ride.doc]

Beneath, in the churchyard, lay the dead, In their night encampment on the hill, Wrapped in silence so deep and still That he could hear, like a sentinel's tread, (45) The watchful night-wind, as it went Creeping along from tent to tent, And seeming to whisper, "All is well!"
 * a. **** Explain the famous line "one if by land and two if by sea?" (include which was hanged) **
 * It was used as a single for him if his friend saw the British coming. He told him to hang a lantern aloft in the belfry arch of the North Church tower as a signal. One lantern if he saw them come by land, and two if they came by sea. If there was a signal he would then run and sound the alarm to warn everyone so they could take up arms. Two were hung the night Paul Revere ran through the town on his horse. ****
 * b. In Line 7, what town is longfellow referring to? ** **
 * In line 7, Longfellow was referring to Concord. ****
 * c. How does Revere get to his horse? ****
 * After he finished telling his friend the instructions on the lanterns he rowed to the other shore and there he walked with the horse the whole time so he didn’t have to run and get his horse. **
 * d. In lines 42 - 43, who will support and sustain Revere and the militiamen? (specifically) **
 * The dead colonists will rise and help support Revere and his militiamen fight the British. **
 * e. In what county are Lexington and Concord? **
 * Lexington **** and Concord are in the Middlesex county. ****
 * f. in lines 112 - 118, Longfellow emphasizes the fact that the British army was composed of “regulars,” or paid professionals. Who composed the Colonial army and why did they fight unpaid? ** **
 * George Washington and the volunteered soldiers composed the colonial army, they fought unpaid because they were fighting to defend themselves as well as their right to independence. Also, I imagine there wasn't much money to go around because the money had to go towards the war effort. ****
 * g. Longfellow uses the final lines of the poem to link the past with the future. He suggests that Revere’s message will continue to inspire Americans to defend the cause of liberty. Note the way in which line 128 “echoes” the first line of the poem. What is he asking you, the reader, to "listen" for? ** **
 * The “midnight message” of Paul Revere. The message that independence is worth fighting for and that it takes a lot of courage to fight for independence. **

2. __Patrick Henry, a true patriot__ : Following the Boston Tea Party, Dec. 16, 1773, in which American Colonists dumped 342 containers of tea into the Boston harbor, the British Parliament enacted a series of Acts in response to the rebellion in Massachusetts. In May of 1774, General Thomas Gage, commander of all British military forces in the colonies, arrived in Boston, followed by the arrival of four regiments of British troops. The First Continental Congress met in the fall of 1774 in Philadelphia with 56 American delegates, representing every colony, except Georgia. On September 17, the Congress declared its opposition to the repressive Acts of Parliament, saying they are "not to be obeyed," and also promoted the formation of local militia units. Thus economic and military tensions between the colonists and the British escalated. In February of 1775, a provincial congress was held in Massachusetts during which John Hancock and Joseph Warren began defensive preparations for a state of war. The English Parliament then declared Massachusetts to be in a state of rebellion. On March 23, in Virginia, the largest colony in America, a meeting of the colony's delegates was held in St. John's church in Richmond. Resolutions were presented by Patrick Henry putting the colony of Virginia "into a posture of defense...embodying, arming, and disciplining such a number of men as may be sufficient for that purpose." Before the vote was taken on his resolutions, Henry delivered the speech below, imploring the delegates to vote in favor. He spoke without any notes in a voice that became louder and louder, climaxing with the now famous ending. Following his speech, the vote was taken in which his resolutions passed by a narrow margin, and thus Virginia joined in the American Revolution. The end of his speech is his most famous:

//"It is in vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. Gentlemen may cry, Peace, Peace-- but there is no peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!" //

What is Henry saying to convince his fellow Virginians? ** That there will not be peace, at that time; because war is already at hand and instead of just sitting around go help the men already in the fight. Think about the purpose of the fighting, which is freedom, and join the fight. **

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3. __History remembers__ many quotes of our founding fathers. The following two were said during the first session of the 2nd Continental Congress. What did they mean?

//"We are about to take a leap in the dark, Mr. Jefferson." John Adams // //"We must hang together, or we shall surely hang separately." Benjamin Franklin //
 * That they are going forth blindly without knowing what’s in front them and what will come to be from the decision that they are making. **
 *  They must work together or they will surely die for not cooperating with one another. If they don't work together than teir plans will surely fail and they will die for trying to go against Great Britain. **

4. __Drafting the Declaration__ Directions: Using the attached PowerPoint (1763 – War of 1812), answer the following questions: · a. What were advantages and disadvantages of the Continental Army? · b. What were advantages and disadvantages of the British Army? · c. What was the Olive Branch Petition? <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· d. What was the first colony to pass a resolution for independence, and introduce it in the 2nd Continental Congress? <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· e. Who were the two Enlightenment thinkers whose ideas helped spark the Revolution? <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· f. What are three points Locke makes in his theories on the rights of man? <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· g. What did Paine write, and what did it say? <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· h. Who is credited with writing the Declaration of Independence? <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· i. Who are the five men that were on the committee to draft it? (wrote and helped edit) <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· j. What are the political, social, and economic principles of the Declaration of Independence? 5. __Battles of the American Revolution__ : Use the same PowerPoint and/or research the Internet to answer the following: <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· a. What was the deadliest battle of the war for independence? <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· b. In your opinion, who suffered the most from this battle? <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· c. What happened on Christmas night, 1776? **, in which Washington led 2400 across the Delaware River and marched to Trenton, NJ which was held by the Hessians. They launched a surprise attack and took Trenton for themselves. ** <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· d. Who were the Hessians?  <span style="color: purple; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msospacerun: yes;"> **<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· ** e. How was Trenton a turning point in the war? <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· f. How was Saratoga an important psychological victory for the colonists? <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· g. Why is Valley Forge significant? <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· h. How did the colonists get the British to surrender at Yorktown, VA? <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· i. How did the French, Spanish, and Dutch aid in helping the colonists win the war? <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· j. Who was Lafayette? <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· k. How did Benedict Arnold get labeled a traitor? <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· l. Who negotiated the Treaty of Paris? <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· m. What were the terms of the Treaty? 1. George Washington is revered as the Father of Our Country. He was not, however, our first president. Washington was the first president elected under the Constitution, taking office in 1789. But the United States came together as a nation several years before the Constitution was enacted. In 1781, when the last of the 13 colonies ratified the Articles of Confederation, the new country was officially brought into being.
 * Advantages: Fighting on home soil, good decision making by generals, had a resason to fight (independence), French alliance.  **
 * Disadvantages: Untrained and small army, food and ammunition shortage, weak and divided central government. **
 * Advantages: Well-trained and supplied army and navy, wealth of resources, strong central government.  **
 * Disadvantages: Fighting in unfamiliar, hostile territory, fighting far away from Britain and resources, troops don’t have a reason to fight. **
 * The Olive Branch Petition was a plan for peace that urged the return to “former harmony” with Great Britain, but was rejected by the king. **
 * Richard Henry Lee of Virginia was the first to make resolution for independence. **
 * John Locke and Thomas Paine were the two enlightened thinkers who sparked the Revolution. **
 * Three points Locke makes are that all people are free, equal, and have “natural rights” of life, liberty, and property that rulers cannot take away, all original power resides in the people, and they consent to enter into a “social contract” among themselves to form a government to protect their rights, and that the government’s powers are limited to those the people have consented to give to it. **
 * Thomas Paine wrote //Common Sense// which challenged the rule of the American Colonies by the King of England. **
 * Thomas Jefferson is credited with writing the Declaration of Independence. **
 * Jefferson, Adams, Franklin, Livingston, and Sherman were the five men that were on the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence. **
 * Political (equality): **
 * 1) ** Extending the franchise **
 * 2) ** Upholding due process of law **
 * 3) ** Providing free public education **
 * Social (liberty): **
 * 1) ** Abolishing slavery **
 * 2) ** Extending civil rights to women and other groups **
 * Economic (pursuit of happiness): **
 * 1) **  Regulating the free enterprise system **
 * 2) ** Promoting economic opportunity **
 * 3) ** Protecting property rights **
 * Bunker Hill **** was the deadliest battle of the war for independence. **
 * In my opinion, Britain suffered more from this battle casualty wise as well as moral wise. It showed them that it was going to take a lot more than a trained army to defeat the colonist who were fighting for their freedom. **
 * It significantly boosted the morale of the nation and encouraged more people to enlist to join the fight. **
 * It proved that the colonial army could defeat the British, it provided a heavy blow to British confidence, and sparked an interest from the French on behalf of the colonists. **
 * Valley Forge **** was significant because it was where over 2000 men died due to starvation and disease alone, because of the lack money for supplies. **
 * The colonists had the French naval force defeat the British fleet and block the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay while 17000 French and American troops surround the Yorktown peninsula and bombard them for a month. Eventually Cornwallis surrenders. **
 * French **
 * 1) ** Marquis de Lafayette **
 * 2) ** French wanted to break up British empire and protect its holdings in the West Indies **
 * 3) ** French involvement turned was into full-scale European conflict **
 * 4) ** They gave the colonists the extra man power that was needed to win **
 * Spain **
 * 1) ** When the join as allies to France the allow the American navy to use the port at New Orleans **
 * Netherlands **
 * 1. They declare war on the British while the colonists are fighting them as well **
 * Lafayette **** was a wealthy French nobleman whose beliefs in liberty led him to America’s fight for independence. He agreed to serve without pay in the American army and was made a major general and served on Washington’s staff. **
 * Benedict Arnold needed money so he began correspondence with the British. He agreed to surrender at a fort at West Point in return for royal commission in the British army and money. After the plot was exposed, Arnold fled to enemy lines. **
 * The U.S. had John Jay, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams negotiate the treaty. However, Spain and France were also a part of it. **
 * Britain **** had to recognize the United States as an independent nation before any of the negotiations began. It set the border for the United States from the Atlantic to the Mississippi River and from Canada to Florida. British creditors were allowed to collect debt owed by the Americans. They also had to promise to allow loyalists to sue in state courts for recovery of their losses. **
 * October 23 **

Shortly thereafter, Congress, by a unanimous vote, made John Hanson the first man elected to a full term as president of the United States. his full title was actually "President of the United States in Congress Assembled." He didn't have all the powers of a modern chief executive. but make no mistake, he was the only president we had. Congress voted to provide the new president with a house and servants, and ruled that he "takes precedence of all and every person in the United States."

Hanson served only a year, and is now largely forgotten, but at the same time, a colleague wrote: "I congratulate your Excellency on your appointment to fill the most important seat in the United States." The letter was signed by none other than George Washington. Under Hanson's leadership, Congress established the Treasury Department, adopted the Great Seal of the Unites States (still in use today). a. Who was the actual first President? b. Why do we not consider him our first President? c. Who congratulated him on his title? d. Should we consider John Hanson the first president because he was the first president of the Continental Congress? Why or why not? 2. The First Lady has no clear job that is defined by the government. However, First Ladies have traditionally served the public in many ways - for example, in matter involving health, education, historic preservation, or the environment. Martha Washignton, the first First Lady, helped veterans of the Revolutionary War. She also served as hostess at many formal teas and dinners at the presidential residence. Martha Washington believed that it was important to impress foreign guests so that they would take her country and her husband - the nation's first president - seriously. Do you think this is still important today? Should our government leaders continue to try to impress foreign dignitaries? Does this require a relatively formal approach? Write a clear paragraph explaining your answer. Support your opinion with examples from history and current events. 3. Supporters of Thomas Jefferson sang the following verse in 1798, to the tune of "Yankee Doodle Dandy:"
 * John Hanson was the actual first president. **
 * We don’t recognize him today because he only served for one year and because George Washington was the first president elected under the Constitution. **
 * George Washington congratulated Hanson on his title. **
 * Yes, because none the less he was our first president. He was the first person to take control of the country and have the title “President of the United States” no matter what else was added on. **
 * The fist lady takes care of the things that the president doesn’t have time for. She deals with impressing other countries as well as the people in the country to try and keep up a good image. Today, the role of the first lady is just as if not more important than before. Today, people are very concerned about appearance and how other people view them in reaction to the growing rigor of the way people are viewing others. If we did not have the first lady to keep up appearances for us, then the countries would most likely see things that would cause them to view us in a negative light. **

// See Johnny at the helm of State // Head itching for a crowny, He longs to be, like Georgy, great And pull Tom Jeffer downy.

Who is "Johnny?" Who is "Georgy?" What is the song implying about these two men? Write one or two sentences to explain your answer. 4. Four U.S. presidents were referred to as "Virginia Planter" presidents. Who were they and why were they called this? George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe. 5. Click on the following link and read the whole National Anthem. As you know, it is a poem describing what Francis Scott Key, a lawyer, saw at the Battle of Fort McHenry. Re-write the first stanza in your own words. [|The National Anthem.doc]
 * ”Georgy” is George Washington and “Johnny” is John Hamilton. **
 * George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe were the four “Virginia Planter” presidents. They were named this because they all came from planter families in Virginia. **
 * Can you see it as the light of dawn begins to shine? What is it that we hail as twilight’s last light goes away? We watched its bright stripes and stars that were so gallantly streaming. The light from the fire that the rockets and bombs set off showed that the flag was still there. Is the flag still waving over the land of the free and home of the brave? **
 * __ Antebellum Era __**

November 9th: Do you believe in Tecumseh's Curse, or was this alleged curse of the Presidents just a coincidence? Please explain your answer. [|Tecumseh's curse.doc]
 * I think it was real because every president that was in office every 20 years that ended in a zero died. I don’t think it was just a ‘coincidence’. It’s also a bit much to say that when Ronald Reagan survives his assassination attempt and the presidents stop dying is also a ‘coincidence’. Before Reagan’s attempt all the presidents every 20 years, in a year that ended with a zero, died. When he survived no more of the presidents died. It’s obvious that Reagan broke the curse when he didn’t die, but if he would have I think that the curse would still be in affect until some one else broke it. **